The third and latest (2022) edition of this dictionary and thesaurus of contemporary figurativelanguage and metaphor has been updated to better reflect the language of groups, social media,and social change. The work seeks to identify language used figuratively in everydaycontemporary English, along with its distinguishing collocates. The first entry is ablaze, and thelast entry is Zuckerberg (the Russian Mark Zuckerberg, etc.). Each entry is tagged by whatcognitive linguists sometimes describe as target and source; in general, each entry seeks tohighlight a physical basis. Tags include ones like shape; direction; weight; trips & journeys; past& present; feeling & emotion, etc. The compiler is a lifelong EFL teacher of adult militarystudents in Saudi Arabia, and his interest in figurative language arose during his work. The resultreinforces that language used figuratively based on our lives and experiences is common andimportant in all types of communication. For example, a “tug-of-war” from the experience of ourchildhood can describe a struggle with radar on a plane that results in hundreds of fatalities, anda “conversation” nowadays often suggests much more than simply a talk between two people.The work has implications for ESL / EFL teaching, which tends to focus on the literal meaningsof words, usually the first sense in a dictionary. Clearly, more attention should be paid to othersenses of words, and this work will help to identify and classify them. This is a reference for ESL/ EFL teachers, curriculum developers, materials writers, and teacher trainers. However, it hasalso been found useful as a dataset by linguists and computer experts interested in metaphordetection, natural language processing (NLP), artificial intelligence (AI), and social-mediaanalysis. Preliminary short discussions based on the work include (1) 60 + common metaphors(2) Collocation (3) Epithets (4) Persons (5) The “container” metaphor (6) Grammaticalmetaphor, fictive verbs, etc. (7) Past, present and future (8) Allusions (9) Euphemisms (10)Gestures and bodily reactions (11) Shapes and parts-whole (12) Animacy (13) Persistence,survival and endurance (14) Quotations (15) Synonyms and opposites (16) Lessons and exercises(17) To the ESL / EFL teacher, which focuses on how the dictionary and thesaurus impacts theknowledge and experience base of the ESL / EFL teacher and (18) An alphabetized list of thethesaurus categories. U.S. Department of Education
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-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
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# Query
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-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
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