Inclusion of colonised nations into the War Japan’s entry into the War in August 1914 Battles in Africa and the Ottoman Empire US entry into the War in April 1917 Russian withdrawal from the War in 1918 following the Soviet Revolution The Bolshevik Revolution February Revolution February-October 1917: Political struggle between the provisional government and the Petrograd Soviet Bolsheviks’ gaining control of the Petrograd oviet under the leadership of Lenin Bolshevik Revolution on 24 October: “All Power to the Soviets” and “Peace, Land, and Bread” Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany on 3 March 1918 Paris Peace Conference (January 1919)

Wilson’s Fourteen Principles Individual treaties by the defeated Central Powers: Treaty of Versailles with Germany (1919), Treaty of Neuilly with Bulgaria (1919), Treaty of St.Germain with the Republic of Austria (1919), Treaty of Trianon with the Kingdom of Hungary (1920), Treaty of Sevres with the Ottoman Empire (1920-made ineffectual by the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923) League of Nations Mandate System Discussion Questions Why was the World War I called the Great War at the time? What were the reasons of the World War I? Discuss the role of the US in the World War I. What were the critical strategic turning points in the World War I? How could a socialist revolution be successful in Russia in 1917? Problematize the underlying political concerns of Wilson’s 14 principles. Why was the League of Nations born dead? Why was the Mandate System in contradiction with Wilsonian principles? What were the consequences of the World War I?