The aim of this study was to examine knowledge of the health effects of smoking and the impact of cigarette package warnings among tobacco users from six European Union Member States immediately prior to the introduction of the EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) in 2016 and to explore the interrelationship between these two factors.
Hungary Poland Variable Noticing % (SE) 38.3 (1.1) % (SE) 30.7 (2.7) % (SE) 21.4 (2.4) % (SE) 36.6 (3.0) % (SE) 56.5 (2.8) % (SE) 25.2 (2.6) % (SE) 59.2 (2.9) Reading 20.2 (0.9) 11.5 (1.5) 21.9 (2.5) 12.6 (1.2) 37.6 (2.9) 15.0 (2.3) 20.7 (2.4) Thoughts 5.6 (0.4) 4.7 (1.2) 5.1 (1.0) 5.1 (1.0) 12.8 (1.3) 3.0 (0.8) 3.3 (0.9) Quitting 4.0 (0.4) 3.2 (0.9) 2.5 (0.7) 2.4 (0.6) 10.6 (1.3) 1.4 (0.5) 3.9 (1.0) Foregoing 15.4 (0.8) 10.3 (1.5) 13.5 (1.7) 14.2 (2.2) 14.5 (1.7) 18.3 (2.3) 21.6 (2.6) Avoidance 13.3 (0.7) 9.9 (1.4) 14.2 (1.6) 19.9 (1.9) 16.5 (2.0) 9.2 (1.8) 10.4 (1.6) Saw quitting supports Helpline numberb 24.0 (1.0) 28.6 (2.3) 6.5 (1.3) 19.2 (2.4) 36.3 (2.6) 21.8 (3.0) 31.4 (2.4) Quitting websiteb 15.2 (0.8) 20.9 (2.1) 5.4 (1.1) 15.7 (1.7) 17.9 (1.9) 14.8 (2.3) 16.4 (1.9) Health Information
id: 664a6dd61053ef91d44c5b8017c900cf - page: 7
Want more 14.4 (0.7) 8.4 (1.3) 23.5 (2.1) 14.9 (1.7) 25.1 (2.2) 3.0 (0.6) 11.9 (1.3) Want the same 63.1 (1.1) 46.5 (3.0) 63.8 (2.7) 61.2 (2.3) 60.6 (2.7) 72.2 (2.7) 74.3 (2.1) Want less 18.3 (0.9) 40.0 (3.0) 10.9 (1.7) 18.8 (2.0) 11.1 (1.3) 21.9 (2.5) 7.3 (1.4) Mean Score (SE) Label Impact Index (LII) 0.071 (0.147) -1.090 (0.327) -0.335 (0.364) -0.378 (0.318) 1.519 (0.343) -0.650 (0.378) 0.507 (0.422) Label Impact Index (LII) is a composite measure that weights and standardizes scores for four of the six label effects indicators based on non-dichotomized data (i.e. original four/five-point scales). LII = (NOTICING 1) + (THOUGHTS 2) + (QUITTING 2) + (FORGOING 3). Higher scores indicate greater impact. 7 Table 6. Predictors of the Label Impact Index (LII) (results of linear regression analysis) Germany Greece Spain Romania Hungary Poland
id: 0cfaf6af5dc5d0eacbf8b372facc82de - page: 7
Variable Age group B ( 95% CI) 1824 1.11 0.20 1.01 2.27* * 1.08 0.07 ( - 0.29, 2.52) ( - 1.88,1.49) ( - 1.44, 3.45) ( - 3.69, - 0.84) ( - 3.45,1.28) ( - 2.28, 2.42) 2539 0.50 1.52 * 1.09 0.82 1.14 1.31 * ( - 0.58, 1.58) (0.27, 2.78) ( - 2.47, 0.30) ( - 2.25, 0.61) ( - 0.30, 2.59) ( - 2.34, - 0.27) 4054 0.40 1.30 0.05 0.46 0.26 0.41 ( - 0.44, 1.24) ( - 0.09, 2.70) (1.66, 1.56) ( - 0.90, 1.82) ( - 1.61, 1.09) ( - 1.68, 0.85) > 54 Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Gender Male 0.57 0.02 0.91 0.64 0.61 1.19* * ( - 1.20, 0.06) ( - 0.83, 0.80) ( - 1.88, 0.06) ( - 1.67, 0.40) ( - 1.35, 0.14) ( - 1.95, - 0.43) Female Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Urbanization degree Urban 1.66 * 1.13 0.51 0.73 0.11 0.97 (0.16, 3.17) ( - 3.57, 1.32) ( - 3.14, 2.13) ( - 2.13, 0.67) ( - 1.95, 2.17) ( - 0.93, 2.88) Semi - urban 0.23 0.25 0.46 0.05 0.310 0.34 ( - 1.08 - 1.54) ( - 2.06, 1.55) ( - 2.11, 3.03) ( - 1.71, 1.81) ( - 2.26, 1.64) ( - 1.68, 2.36) Rural Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Education
id: fc57f293daecf137468f8835995653cc - page: 8
Low 1.17 1.05 0.38 0.88 1.45 1.97 * ( - 2.90, 0.57) ( - 2.53, 0.42) (2.46, 1.70) ( - 2.63, 0.88) ( - 4.27, 1.36) ( - 3.91, - 0.03) Medium 1.19 0.30 0.38 0.31 1.36 0.71 ( - 3.16, 0.79) ( - 1.58, 0.98) ( - 1.59, 2.34) ( - 1.82, 1.20) ( - 4.26, 1.52) ( - 0.87, 2.29) High Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Income Low 0.05 0.94 0.74 1.68 * 0.87 0.01 ( - 1.28, 1.18) ( - 0.50, 2.39) ( - 1.04, 2.52) (0.18, 3.18) ( - 0.76, 2.50) ( - 1.88, 1.87) Medium 0.05 1.29 1.41 0.86 1.22 0.17 ( - 0.94, 0.84) ( - 0.07, 2.66) ( - 0.28, 3.10) ( - 0.27, 2.00) ( - 0.21, 2.66) ( - 1.50,1.17) High Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
id: 8d9ac2f73481e223ab59949276188ea7 - page: 8