, but let's say 20.

So the year 2035, what does the future look like as far as you can tell? What would you-20 years, yeah, 20 years. It's always really tricky to predict the future. I mean, some of it's pretty obvious, like computing power is going to be just crazy. And the big change is the cost of computing power, not so much the circuit density-the Moore's Law thing. But if you look at, say, what is the actual dollars per instruction-and that cost is dropping exponentially. Now, if you think about it like if you're making a computer, you're rearranging silicon and copper on a little chip. And once the capital cost of the development and the chip plant is paid for, the marginal cost of a chip is very, very tiny. So I think what we'll see-massively parallel computers, and computing power, and storage being really as much as you want. And it's interesting. I, too start with that.

I don't know what else to predict. But as a foundation, this seems like the safest starting premise. But then, what does that ripple through to in fields like genetics and AI which you mentioned-autonomous driving, space-related topics? Just ubiquitous computing everywhere. I think AI is going to be incredibly sophisticated in 20 years. When does that first ...? It seems to be celebrating. And the tricky thing about predicting things when there's an exponential is that an exponential looks linear close up. But actually, it's not linear. And AI appears to be accelerating, from what I can see. And for that, do you look at autonomous driving and point AI, like Siri functionality, as your guide post? Yeah. I had sort of a debate about someone, like is AI accelerating or not? And he was saying, well, what's the y-axis? If it's accelerating, you've got t on the x-axis.

But what's the y-axis, as it were? I thought about that. I think you could have a recursive y-axis, so that if at any point in time your predictions for AI are coming sooner or later, that actually would help define whether it's accelerating or not. Whatever that axis was. So you mentioned net change. It's a recursive axis. So if in any given year, if you find your predictions are going further out or coming closer in, that actually is one way to think of acceleration. Because otherwise, what's the qualitative or quantitative measure of AI? A given technology is always 20 years in the future. Yeah, if it's always 20 in the future, it's more logarithmic. So does AI seem like it's one of the most fastly accelerating things that you're aware of? Yes. And I can certainly say that with autonomous driving, where three years ago, I thought it was 10 years away.