1922 The last sultan Mehmed VI Vahdettin 19181922 left the country on November declared with the Treaty of Lausanne on 29 October 17 1922 and the Republic of Turkey was officially 1923. The Caliphate was abolished several months later on March 1924 the Sultan and his constitutionally family were declared persona non grata of Turkey and exiled Fifty years later in 1974 the granted descendants of the former dynasty the right to acquire Turkish citizenship Ertugrul Osman Ultimately the fall of the Ottoman Empire can be attributed to the failure of its economic structure the size of the empire created difficulties in economically regions Also the empires communication technology was not developed integrating its diverse enough to reach all territories In many ways the circumstances surrounding the Ottoman Empires fall closely paralleled terms of the ongoing those surrounding the fall of the Roman Empire particularly tensions between the empires different

Phanariot Greeks Armenians Serbs Bosniaks Hungarians or others This eclectic of the empire which to the west using the Greek subjects Like system in which the state had administration was apparent even in the diplomatic correspondence in the Greek language was initially undertaken the Byzantines before them the Ottomans practiced control over the clergy The nomadic Turkic forms of land tenure were largely retained with number of unique adjustments Turkish traditions that had survived the adoption of administrative in the Ottoman period Certain pre-Islamic and legal practices from Islamic Iran continued to be important in Ottoman administrative circles Ottoman judiciary for example the courts were run by Kadi i.e religious judges appointed by the sultan who exercised direct control over members of the religious establishment Ultimately derived from the Turks the Byzantines In the the Ottoman administrative system was blend of influences

Further information Ottoman Dynasty House of Osman The Ottoman sultan also known as the p(cid:226)dis(cid:226)h or lord of kings served as the empires sole regent and was considered to be the embodiment of its government though he did not always exercise complete control Throughout Ottoman history however despite the supreme c1cjjn authority of the sultans and the occasional exercise of de facto authority by Grand Viziers there were in which local governors acted independently and even many instances the ruler On eleven occasions the sultan was deposed in opposition to because he was perceived by his enemies as threat to the state New sultans were always chosen from among the sons of the previous sultan but there was strong educational system in place that was geared towards eliminating before he was actually the unfit and establishing support amongst crowned There were only two attempts in the whole of Ottoman

Saitanati The harem had its own internal organization and order of formulating policies Beneath the Va/ide Sultan in the hierarchy was the Haseki Sultan the mother of the sultans first born son who had the best chance of becoming the next Valide Sultan The sultan also FB104441 had four other official wives who were each called Haseki Kadin Next in rank below the ikbls or has odaliks and then the sultans wives were his eight concubines other concubines whom the sultan favoured and who were termed gozde Next in rank were the concubines ahgird were younger women who were either waiting to be married off to someone or who had not yet graduated out of the Harem School favourite of other court officials Pupils acemI and novices cri.e or Palace