Abstract. Integral biological age (BA) encompasses a holistic assessment of an individual's overall physiological state, taking into account various biological markers that may contribute to the ageingprocess. This article presentsa novel method for determining the integral biological age, a comprehensive measure that considers multiple biological markers and factors to assess an individual's ageingprocess. We will delve into the various components and biomarkers utilized in our method, including cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletalsystems functionality, and other molecular markers associated with ageing. By combining these diverse indicators, we create an integrated framework that provides a holistic view of an individual's ageing trajectory.
Anthropometric indicators Height, m Body mass, kg Body mass index, kg/m2 Waist, sm Hips, sm Waist/Hips Visceral fat, % Hearing threshold, dB Maximum frequency, Hz Hearing indicators 0.25 -0.04 0.14 0.32 0.24 0.40 0.33 0.35 -0.41 Spirography indicators Vital capacity of the lungs (VC), l Forced V (FVC), l FVC/Height, l/m The volume of forced expiratory for 1 s (FEV1), l Peak expiratory flow (PEF), l/s FEV1/FVC, % Forced expiratory flow 25-75% (FEF25-75), l/s 0.44 -0.49 -0.52 -0.51 -0.42 0.05 -0.44 Indicators of the cardiovascular system Registration in the supine position Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg Heart rate beats per minute QT, ms QTc, ms NN, ms SDNN, ms RMSSD, ms pNN50, % P, ms2 VLF, ms2 LF, ms2 HF, ms2 LF/HF 0.29 -0.12 0.02 0.24 0.22 -0.07 -0.39 -0.17 -0.31 -0.30 -0.19 -0.29 -0.20 0.02
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Registration in a standing position Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg Heart rate beats per minute NN, ms SDNN, ms RMSSD, ms pNN50, % P, ms2 VLF, ms2 LF, ms2 HF, ms2 0.12 -0.22 -0.17 0.08 -0.09 -0.04 -0.35 -0.02 -0.15 -0.08 0.04 49 Table 1 LF/HF 0.45 Capillaroscopic indicators Diameter of arterioles, m Diameter of venules, m Diameter of arterioles / Diameter of venules (A/V) The density of functioning capillaries on 1 mm2 0.44 0.27 -0.55 -0.51 Indicators of the musculoskeletal system BMD L1-L4, g/cm BMD Right femoral neck, g/cm BMD Right hip, g/cm BMD Left femoral neck, g/cm BMD Left hip, g/cm BMD of the distal radius, g/cm BMD of middle radius, g/cm BMD ultra-distal radius, g/cm BMD of total radius, g/cm Trabecular bone score, un. Android/Gynoid Ratio, kg Dynamometry of right hand, kg Dynamometry of left hand, kg 15-meter test, m/s 5-times chair stand test, s 0.12 -0.46 -0.28 -0.48 -0.28 -0.32 -0.38 -0.15 -0.38 -0.41 0.23 -0.34 -0.28 0.33 0.43
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Laboratory indicators Blood glucose, mmol/l Glucose 2 hours (GTT), mmol/l Cholesterol, blood chemistry, mmol/l Triglycerides, mmol/l HDL cholesterol, mmol/l LDL cholesterol, mmol/l VLDL cholesterol, mmol/l Atherogenic index Urea, mmol/l Creatinine, mmol/l ALT, u/l AST, u/l 0.30 0.36 0.18 0.14 -0.06 0.11 0.15 0.14 0.24 0.11 -0.11 -0.06 Correlation matrix of model indicators Waist/Hips 0,02 Max. Frequency 0,17 0,31 FVC/Height 0,10 -0,23 -0,12 SBP 0,19 0,24 0,27 -0,20 0,18 LF/HF (standing) 0,20 0,01 0,07 0,31 -0,11 SDNN 0,10 0,03 0,10 0,10 -0,15 0,02 0,07 0,37 -0,23 0,26 0,16 A/V 0,33 0,19 -0,25 -0,25 0,08 -0,11 -0,31 -0,15 -0,28 5-times chair-stand 0,12 0,17 0,06 0,03 0,07 0,04 -0,14 -0,17 -0,08 0,17 Glucose 2 hours (GTT) 0,08 0,27 -0,14 -0,33 0,24 -0,12 -0,16 -0,33 -0,22 BMD, Left femoral neck Urea 50
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Table 2 The use of step-by-step multiple regression made it possible to select the most informative indicators and obtain an equation that relates the age of the subjects with several indicators of the main body systems (Tab. 3).
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