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Why vaccines matter: understanding the broader health, economic, and child development benefits of routine vaccination
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Systematically documenting these broader health, economic, and child development benefits of vaccines is important from a policy perspective, not only in low and middle-income countries where the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases is high and public resources are constrained, but also in high-income settings where the emergence of vaccine hesitancy poses a threat to benefits gained from reducing vaccine-preventable diseases. In this paper, the authors provide a brief summary of the recent evidence on the benefits of vaccines and discuss the policy implications of these findings.Nandi A, Shet A. Why vaccines matter: understanding the broader health, economic, and child development benefits of routine vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020 Aug 2;16(8):1900-1904. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1708669. Epub 2020 Jan 24. PMID: 31977283; PMCID: PMC7482790.

Funding This work was supported by the Value of Vaccination Research Network (VoVRN) through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant OPP1158136). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views of the VoVRN or the foundation. ORCID Arindam Nandi Anita Shet References 1. World Health Organization. World Health Organization: 10 facts on immunization; 2018 [accessed 2019 Apr 9]. int/features/factfiles/immunization/en/. 2. World DataBank: World Development Indicators. The World Bank; 2017. source=world-development-indicators. 3. Ozawa S, Mirelman A, Stack ML, Walker DG, Levine OS. Costeffectiveness and economic benefits of vaccines in lowand middle-income review. Vaccine. 2012;31:96108. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.103. systematic countries: a
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4. Pramanik S, Agrahari K, Srivastava A, Varanasi V, Setia M, Laxminarayan R. Integrated child health and immunization surveyrounds 1 & 2. New Delhi (India): Immunization Technical Support Unit, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; 2016. 5. World Health Organization. Progress towards global immunization goals 2016. Geneva (Switzerland); 2016. immunization/monitoring_surveillance/SlidesGlobalImmunization. pptx?ua=1. 6. Murhekar M. Epidemiology of diphtheria in India, 19962016: implications for prevention and control. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;97:31318. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.17-0047. 7. Jalloh MF, Bennett SD, Alam D, Kouta P, Loureno D, Alamgir M, Feldstein LR, Ehlman DC, Abad N, Kapil N. Rapid behavioral assessment of barriers and opportunities to improve vaccination coverage among displaced Rohingyas in Bangladesh, January 2018. Vaccine. 2019;37:83338. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.042.
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8. Chan M. Linking child survival and child development for health, equity, and sustainable development. Lancet. 2013;381:151415. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60944-7. 9. Shonkoff JP, Richter L, van der Gaag J, Bhutta ZA. An integrated and early childhood doi:10.1542/ 2012;129:e46072. framework for child survival PEDIATRICS. scientific development. peds.2011-0366. 10. Ozawa S, Clark S, Portnoy A, Grewal S, Stack ML, Sinha A, Mirelman A, Franklin H, Friberg IK, Tam Y. Estimated economic impact of vaccinations in 73 lowand middle-income countries, 20012020. Bull World Health Organ. 2017;95:62938. doi:10.2471/ BLT.16.178475.
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11. Hooda SK. Out-of-pocket payments for healthcare in India. J Health Manag. 2017;19:115. doi:10.1177/0972063416682535. 12. Wagstaff A, Flores G, Smitz M-F, Hsu J, Chepynoga K, Eozenou P. Progress on impoverishing health spending in 122 countries: a retrospective observational study. Lancet Global Health. 2018;6:e18092. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30486-2. 13. Riumallo-Herl C, Chang AY, Clark S, Constenla D, Clark A, Brenzel L, Verguet S. Poverty reduction and equity benefits of introducing or scaling up measles, rotavirus and pneumococcal vaccines countries: a modelling study. BMJ Global Health. 2018;3:e000613. and middle-income low-income in 14. Megiddo I, AR C, Nandi A, Chatterjee S, Prinja S, Khera A, Laxminarayan R. Analysis of the universal immunization programme and introduction of a rotavirus vaccine in India with IndiaSim. Vaccine. 2014;32(Supplement 1):A15161.
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