The 'Critique of Practical Reason' is a foundational work in the philosophy of ethics and belief by the German Enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant. Published in 1788, it is the second of Kant's three 'critical' works, following the 'Critique of Pure Reason' and preceding the 'Critique of Judgment.' In this book, Kant explores the nature and scope of human reason as it relates to ethics and the belief in God.
But one must note well that these categories concern only practical reason in general and so proceed in their order from those which are as yet morally undetermined and sensibly conditioned to those which, being sensibly unconditioned, are determined only by the moral law.
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Of quantity Subjective, in accordance with maxims (intentions of the will l of the individual) Objective, in accordance with principles (precepts) A priori objective as well as subjective principles of freedom (laws) 2. Of quality Practical rules of commission (praeceptivae) Practical rules of omission 3. Of relation To personality To the conditionm of the person Reciprocally, of one person (prohibitivae) to the condition of others Practical rules of exceptions
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(exceptivae) 4. Of modality The permitted and the forbidden Duty and what is contrary to duty Perfect and imperfect duty One quickly sees that in this table freedom is regarded as a kind of causality which, however, is not subject to empirical grounds of determination with respect to actions possible through it as appearances in the sensible world, and that consequently it is referred to the categories of their natural possibility,n while yet each category is taken so universally that the determining ground of that causality can be taken to be also outside the sensible world in freedom as the property of an intelligible being, until the categories of modality introduce, but only problematically, the transition from practical principles in general to those of morality, which can only afterwards be presented dogmatically through the moral law.
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I add nothing further here to elucidate the present table, since it is intelligible enough in itself. A division of this kind, drawn up in accordance with principles, is very useful in any science, for the sake of thoroughness as well as intelligibility. Thus, for example, one knows at once from the above table and its rst number where one has to set out from in practical considerations: from the maxims that each bases on his inclination, from the precepts l Willensmeinungen m Or state, Zustand n ihrer Naturmglichkeit. Abbot translates the phrase as its [freedoms] physical possibility. 56 C R I T I Q U E O F P R A C T I C A L R E A S O N
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